Respuesta :

The particles are predominantly very fine-grained sulfide minerals formed when the hot hydrothermalfluids mix with near-freezing seawater. ... The cold seawater is heated by hot magma and reemerges to form the vents. Seawater in hydrothermal vents may reach temperatures of over 700° Fahrenheit 
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The answer is:

Friction heats the water as it seeps into holes and cracks on the ocean floor.

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